
31 Days of Myths & Legends
Unlock the wisdom of ancient stories to understand your own.
This isn’t a mythology class—it’s a 31-day descent into symbols, archetypes, and forgotten truths that still shape your inner world.
Each day delivers a myth, a reflection, and a creative invitation that go far beyond trivia. You’ll encounter gods, monsters, witches, and wild things— to meet the parts of yourself they reveal.
Why is it unique?
Because it blends mythology, psychology, and daily practice—bridging Jungian insights, archetypal storytelling, and symbolic exploration. It’s designed by artists and scholars and draws inspiration from cross-cultural myths, shadow work, and timeless inner journeys. This is about recognizing your own story within the myths of the world—and using that awareness to expand, heal, and express yourself creatively.
You’ll gain:
A daily ritual of myth-based introspection
A symbolic map of your own inner archetypes
Creative prompts that link imagination to transformation
Tools to recognize—and reclaim—hidden aspects of yourself
This self-paced course is designed for those ready to deepen their self-understanding through timeless stories. Whether you’re an artist, writer, therapist, or myth lover—this course invites you to explore your subconscious and unlock a new relationship with myth.
The legends aren’t dead. They’re speaking through you.
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Day 1: The Myth of Prometheus – Fire and the Punishment of Knowledge
What happens when knowledge becomes dangerous? When fire—both literal and symbolic—is no longer a gift, but a threat?
Today we meet Prometheus: defier of gods, giver of fire, eternal rebel. But was his punishment truly about disobedience—or was it about power, control, and the fear of human potential? This is no ordinary myth. It's a question that still burns: Who gets to decide what we’re allowed to know?What happens when knowledge becomes dangerous? When fire—both literal and symbolic—is no longer a gift, but a threat?
Today we meet Prometheus: defier of gods, giver of fire, eternal rebel. But was his punishment truly about disobedience—or was it about power, control, and the fear of human potential? This is no ordinary myth. It's a question that still burns: Who gets to decide what we’re allowed to know? -
Day 2: The Myth of Osiris – Death and Rebirth
What if death isn’t an end—but a doorway? What if love, magic, and memory could piece a body back together and resurrect a god?
Today we follow the myth of Osiris—a king murdered by envy, restored by devotion, and reborn into the underworld. Why did the Egyptians see death as part of life’s rhythm? What does this myth reveal about transformation, justice, and the eternal return? And how far would you go to restore what was lost?What if death isn’t an end—but a doorway? What if love, magic, and memory could piece a body back together and resurrect a god?
Today we follow the myth of Osiris—a king murdered by envy, restored by devotion, and reborn into the underworld. Why did the Egyptians see death as part of life’s rhythm? What does this myth reveal about transformation, justice, and the eternal return? And how far would you go to restore what was lost? -
Day 3: Odin’s Sacrifice – The Price of Wisdom
What would you give up for true wisdom? Would you trade comfort—or even part of yourself—for knowledge that sees beyond time?
Today we follow Odin, the Allfather of Norse myth, as he makes a brutal sacrifice at the Well of Mimir. Why does wisdom demand pain? What truths lie so deep that only suffering can uncover them? And what happens when a god gives up his eye to see more clearly?What would you give up for true wisdom? Would you trade comfort—or even part of yourself—for knowledge that sees beyond time?
Today we follow Odin, the Allfather of Norse myth, as he makes a brutal sacrifice at the Well of Mimir. Why does wisdom demand pain? What truths lie so deep that only suffering can uncover them? And what happens when a god gives up his eye to see more clearly? -
Day 4: The Legend of Robin Hood – English Folklore of Justice and Rebellion
What makes someone a hero—obedience to the law, or defiance of it?
Today, you’ll step into the shadows of Sherwood Forest, where a hooded outlaw dares to challenge corrupt power. Robin Hood doesn’t just steal—he reclaims. But is robbing the rich ever truly just? What happens when justice and legality part ways? This is a tale of rebellion that still echoes in every fight for fairness.What makes someone a hero—obedience to the law, or defiance of it?
Today, you’ll step into the shadows of Sherwood Forest, where a hooded outlaw dares to challenge corrupt power. Robin Hood doesn’t just steal—he reclaims. But is robbing the rich ever truly just? What happens when justice and legality part ways? This is a tale of rebellion that still echoes in every fight for fairness. -
Day 5: King Arthur and the Quest for the Holy Grail – The Pursuit of Ideals
What does it mean to chase something greater than yourself—and what are you willing to sacrifice for it?
Today, you enter the realm of Camelot, where knights once swore loyalty to honor, love, and truth. But even the purest ideals are fragile. As the quest for the Holy Grail begins, so does the unraveling of a dream kingdom. Can virtue survive temptation? Can unity withstand human flaws? This legend is a mirror, asking us what we seek, and what it costs to reach it.What does it mean to chase something greater than yourself—and what are you willing to sacrifice for it?
Today, you enter the realm of Camelot, where knights once swore loyalty to honor, love, and truth. But even the purest ideals are fragile. As the quest for the Holy Grail begins, so does the unraveling of a dream kingdom. Can virtue survive temptation? Can unity withstand human flaws? This legend is a mirror, asking us what we seek, and what it costs to reach it. -
Day 6: Ragnarök – The Twilight of the Gods
What if the gods knew their doom was coming—and chose to fight anyway?
Ragnarök is not just a myth of destruction; it’s a reminder of unshakable courage in the face of fate. In this Norse prophecy of apocalypse, fire and ice collide, heroes fall, and the world crumbles… only to rise again. Why does this myth still haunt our imaginations? What truths does it reveal about chaos, renewal, and how we face endings in our own lives?What if the gods knew their doom was coming—and chose to fight anyway?
Ragnarök is not just a myth of destruction; it’s a reminder of unshakable courage in the face of fate. In this Norse prophecy of apocalypse, fire and ice collide, heroes fall, and the world crumbles… only to rise again. Why does this myth still haunt our imaginations? What truths does it reveal about chaos, renewal, and how we face endings in our own lives? -
Day 7: The Tragic Tale of Medusa – Beauty Turned to Terror
What happens when beauty becomes a curse—and the victim is blamed for her own tragedy?
Medusa’s gaze turns men to stone, but her story freezes more than flesh—it halts time on a moment of injustice that still echoes today. Was she truly a monster, or a woman transformed by betrayal, vengeance, and power? This myth asks: who do we fear more—the monstrous, or the woman who refuses to be silent?What happens when beauty becomes a curse—and the victim is blamed for her own tragedy?
Medusa’s gaze turns men to stone, but her story freezes more than flesh—it halts time on a moment of injustice that still echoes today. Was she truly a monster, or a woman transformed by betrayal, vengeance, and power? This myth asks: who do we fear more—the monstrous, or the woman who refuses to be silent? -
Day 8: The Legend of the Wendigo – A Spirit of Hunger from Algonquian Lore
What if your hunger could devour your soul?
In the icy silence of the northern woods, a figure lingers—tall, starved, and hollow-eyed. Once human. Now cursed.
The Wendigo myth doesn’t just haunt the dark; it lives in the cracks of society’s greed, in every choice to take more than we need. Could hunger—literal or not—turn someone into a monster? And once transformed, is there any way back?What if your hunger could devour your soul?
In the icy silence of the northern woods, a figure lingers—tall, starved, and hollow-eyed. Once human. Now cursed.
The Wendigo myth doesn’t just haunt the dark; it lives in the cracks of society’s greed, in every choice to take more than we need. Could hunger—literal or not—turn someone into a monster? And once transformed, is there any way back? -
Day 9: The Legend of Baba Yaga – The Witch of the Woods
Would you dare knock on a house that walks on chicken legs?
In the heart of the forest waits Baba Yaga—witch, guardian, devourer, and sometimes, an unlikely teacher. Is she evil, or just misunderstood?
Today’s story explores the figure who blurs all boundaries: between life and death, fear and wisdom, punishment and reward. What does it mean to seek answers from someone who might eat you… or enlighten you?Would you dare knock on a house that walks on chicken legs?
In the heart of the forest waits Baba Yaga—witch, guardian, devourer, and sometimes, an unlikely teacher. Is she evil, or just misunderstood?
Today’s story explores the figure who blurs all boundaries: between life and death, fear and wisdom, punishment and reward. What does it mean to seek answers from someone who might eat you… or enlighten you? -
Day 10: The Origin of the Vampire – Slavic Folklore
Before they were elegant immortals in castles, vampires were swollen corpses buried face-down with garlic in their mouths.
What made someone rise from the grave to haunt their village—and why were some feared even in death?
Today, we return to the icy graveyards of Eastern Europe to uncover the real vampire myth: a tale of fear, disease, exclusion, and survival. What do these ancient stories say about the line between life and death—or the line between us and the outcast?Before they were elegant immortals in castles, vampires were swollen corpses buried face-down with garlic in their mouths.
What made someone rise from the grave to haunt their village—and why were some feared even in death?
Today, we return to the icy graveyards of Eastern Europe to uncover the real vampire myth: a tale of fear, disease, exclusion, and survival. What do these ancient stories say about the line between life and death—or the line between us and the outcast? -
Day 11: Persephone and the Changing Seasons – Life, Death, and Rebirth
What if spring only came because a goddess returned from the underworld?
Today, we enter the heart of Greek myth to uncover the haunting story of Persephone—goddess of growth, queen of the dead.
Was she a captive, a bridge between two worlds, or a woman who came into her power in the darkest place imaginable?
Join us as we explore a myth that asks what it means to lose something, regain it, and live forever changed.What if spring only came because a goddess returned from the underworld?
Today, we enter the heart of Greek myth to uncover the haunting story of Persephone—goddess of growth, queen of the dead.
Was she a captive, a bridge between two worlds, or a woman who came into her power in the darkest place imaginable?
Join us as we explore a myth that asks what it means to lose something, regain it, and live forever changed. -
Day 12: Isis and the Quest for Knowledge – Love, Loss, and Resurrection
How far would you go to piece someone back together—literally—from death?
Today we follow the goddess Isis, whose magic, grief, and unwavering love reshape the course of Egyptian myth.
But Isis isn’t just a grieving wife or powerful sorceress—she’s a seeker of sacred knowledge, a mother who births legacy, and a symbol of what it means to rise from ruin.
Can love really conquer death? And what does it cost to bring someone back?How far would you go to piece someone back together—literally—from death?
Today we follow the goddess Isis, whose magic, grief, and unwavering love reshape the course of Egyptian myth.
But Isis isn’t just a grieving wife or powerful sorceress—she’s a seeker of sacred knowledge, a mother who births legacy, and a symbol of what it means to rise from ruin.
Can love really conquer death? And what does it cost to bring someone back? -
Day 13: Cuchulainn and His Trials – Heroism and Sacrifice
What does it mean to be a hero when the cost is everything you love?
Today we follow Cuchulainn, Ireland’s legendary warrior, who stood alone against armies, faced his best friend in combat, and died on his feet—literally.
Fueled by fury, haunted by honor, and bound to fate, his story asks:
Can strength become a curse? And is the true measure of a hero found not in victory—but in the price he’s willing to pay?What does it mean to be a hero when the cost is everything you love?
Today we follow Cuchulainn, Ireland’s legendary warrior, who stood alone against armies, faced his best friend in combat, and died on his feet—literally.
Fueled by fury, haunted by honor, and bound to fate, his story asks:
Can strength become a curse? And is the true measure of a hero found not in victory—but in the price he’s willing to pay? -
Day 14: Chang’e and the Moon – Love, Sacrifice, and the Quest for Immortality
What if the price of saving love... was losing it forever?
Today’s tale lifts us toward the moon to meet Chang’e, the lunar goddess who drank the elixir of immortality—not for power, but to protect.
Now exiled to the stars, she watches the Earth below, alone yet eternal.
Why do we still offer her mooncakes each year? And what does her story say about the lengths we go to for love, and the isolation that can follow a noble choice?What if the price of saving love... was losing it forever?
Today’s tale lifts us toward the moon to meet Chang’e, the lunar goddess who drank the elixir of immortality—not for power, but to protect.
Now exiled to the stars, she watches the Earth below, alone yet eternal.
Why do we still offer her mooncakes each year? And what does her story say about the lengths we go to for love, and the isolation that can follow a noble choice? -
Day 15: Pandora’s Box – The Origin of Suffering and Hope
What if the world’s suffering began with a single, irresistible choice?
Today’s tale brings us face-to-face with Pandora—the first woman, the bearer of all gifts, and the unwitting opener of a box that unleashed chaos into the world. But at the bottom of that box, something remained...
Was it salvation—or the cruelest curse of all?
This myth invites us to question what hope really means, and whether curiosity is a blessing—or a dangerous gift.What if the world’s suffering began with a single, irresistible choice?
Today’s tale brings us face-to-face with Pandora—the first woman, the bearer of all gifts, and the unwitting opener of a box that unleashed chaos into the world. But at the bottom of that box, something remained...
Was it salvation—or the cruelest curse of all?
This myth invites us to question what hope really means, and whether curiosity is a blessing—or a dangerous gift. -
Day 16: Beowulf and the Dragon – Heroism, Mortality, and the Price of Glory
What does it mean to be a hero when no one stands beside you?
As an aging king faces his final battle, only one loyal warrior remains. The enemy? A fire-breathing dragon—but also the slow burn of time, the fear of irrelevance, and the looming shadow of death.
Beowulf’s last stand is not just against a monster, but against the end of an era.
What legacy will survive the flames?What does it mean to be a hero when no one stands beside you?
As an aging king faces his final battle, only one loyal warrior remains. The enemy? A fire-breathing dragon—but also the slow burn of time, the fear of irrelevance, and the looming shadow of death.
Beowulf’s last stand is not just against a monster, but against the end of an era.
What legacy will survive the flames? -
Day 17: The Navajo Creation Story – Emergence and the Sacred World
What if the world we live in is only the latest in a long chain of realms, each one teaching us how to live better than the last?
In the Navajo creation story, life doesn’t begin with a single spark—it emerges gradually, climbing through layers of chaos and disharmony, each step revealing deeper truths about balance, community, and the sacredness of the natural world.
Can we still hear the instructions whispered by the Holy People? Are we honoring the harmony they fought to establish?What if the world we live in is only the latest in a long chain of realms, each one teaching us how to live better than the last?
In the Navajo creation story, life doesn’t begin with a single spark—it emerges gradually, climbing through layers of chaos and disharmony, each step revealing deeper truths about balance, community, and the sacredness of the natural world.
Can we still hear the instructions whispered by the Holy People? Are we honoring the harmony they fought to establish? -
Day 18: The Ramayana – The Hero's Journey
What does it mean to do what’s right—even when your heart breaks in the process?
In The Ramayana, a prince walks away from the throne, the woman he loves is stolen by a demon king, and duty demands more than any one person should bear.
Is true heroism found in strength, or in sacrifice?
Today, we follow Rama’s epic journey through exile, war, and the moral complexities of leadership—and ask whether righteousness always leads to peace.What does it mean to do what’s right—even when your heart breaks in the process?
In The Ramayana, a prince walks away from the throne, the woman he loves is stolen by a demon king, and duty demands more than any one person should bear.
Is true heroism found in strength, or in sacrifice?
Today, we follow Rama’s epic journey through exile, war, and the moral complexities of leadership—and ask whether righteousness always leads to peace. -
Day 19: Orpheus and Eurydice – The Limits of Love and Art
What if love could charm the gods—but still not defeat death?
Orpheus, the greatest musician of ancient Greece, descended into the underworld to rescue his beloved Eurydice with nothing but a song.
But even the most beautiful music cannot undo fate.
Today’s myth is a haunting meditation on the power—and limits—of love, trust, and art in the face of grief and finality.What if love could charm the gods—but still not defeat death?
Orpheus, the greatest musician of ancient Greece, descended into the underworld to rescue his beloved Eurydice with nothing but a song.
But even the most beautiful music cannot undo fate.
Today’s myth is a haunting meditation on the power—and limits—of love, trust, and art in the face of grief and finality. -
Day 20: Sun Wukong – The Monkey King’s Rebellion
What happens when a monkey dares to challenge heaven itself?
Sun Wukong, born of stone and bursting with divine power, refuses to kneel before any god. He steals immortality, topples heavenly ranks, and is punished by Buddha himself.
But can a creature of chaos become a force for good?
Today’s myth is not just about rebellion—it’s about transformation, discipline, and the path to enlightenment.What happens when a monkey dares to challenge heaven itself?
Sun Wukong, born of stone and bursting with divine power, refuses to kneel before any god. He steals immortality, topples heavenly ranks, and is punished by Buddha himself.
But can a creature of chaos become a force for good?
Today’s myth is not just about rebellion—it’s about transformation, discipline, and the path to enlightenment. -
Day 21: Scheherazade – The Power of Storytelling
What if your life depended on telling a good story?
Scheherazade married a king who killed his wives by dawn—yet she lived through one thousand and one nights.
How? Not with weapons, but with words.
Her stories didn’t just entertain—they healed, transformed, and unraveled the heart of a tyrant.
Can storytelling save a life… or even change the world?What if your life depended on telling a good story?
Scheherazade married a king who killed his wives by dawn—yet she lived through one thousand and one nights.
How? Not with weapons, but with words.
Her stories didn’t just entertain—they healed, transformed, and unraveled the heart of a tyrant.
Can storytelling save a life… or even change the world? -
Day 22: The Anansi Stories – Trickster Tales from West Africa
What if the wisest being wasn't the strongest—but the trickiest?
Anansi, the spider, spins more than webs—he spins worlds with his words.
He fools the gods, hoards wisdom, and sometimes loses it all.
But what does it mean when a trickster holds all the stories?
And why do his tales still outsmart time itself?What if the wisest being wasn't the strongest—but the trickiest?
Anansi, the spider, spins more than webs—he spins worlds with his words.
He fools the gods, hoards wisdom, and sometimes loses it all.
But what does it mean when a trickster holds all the stories?
And why do his tales still outsmart time itself? -
Day 23: Amaterasu and the Return of Light – Balance and Harmony in the Cosmos
What happens when the sun goddess hides?
In the silence that follows, crops die, the world dims—and joy vanishes.
But can laughter, music, and a mirror bring the light back?
This is not just a story about a cave.
It’s about how the cosmos restores itself when chaos and harmony collide.What happens when the sun goddess hides?
In the silence that follows, crops die, the world dims—and joy vanishes.
But can laughter, music, and a mirror bring the light back?
This is not just a story about a cave.
It’s about how the cosmos restores itself when chaos and harmony collide. -
Day 24: Sedna, the Sea Goddess – Control and Chaos in the Arctic
What if the creatures of the sea were born from betrayal?
What if a daughter’s severed fingers gave life to the ocean—and vengeance to its storms?
In the icy depths of the Arctic, Sedna waits.
Not as a victim, but as a goddess, demanding respect.
This is the story of nature’s rage, of broken bonds, and the price of forgetting where life comes from.What if the creatures of the sea were born from betrayal?
What if a daughter’s severed fingers gave life to the ocean—and vengeance to its storms?
In the icy depths of the Arctic, Sedna waits.
Not as a victim, but as a goddess, demanding respect.
This is the story of nature’s rage, of broken bonds, and the price of forgetting where life comes from. -
Day 25: Ganesha and New Beginnings – The Wisdom of Overcoming Obstacles
What if the obstacle in your path was your greatest teacher?
What if a beheading was not an end—but the beginning of wisdom?
Meet Ganesha, the elephant-headed god born from clay and brought to life through love, only to be transformed by a father’s mistake.
His story is deeply human: about second chances, renewal, and turning pain into purpose.
What if your biggest setback could become your greatest strength?What if the obstacle in your path was your greatest teacher?
What if a beheading was not an end—but the beginning of wisdom?
Meet Ganesha, the elephant-headed god born from clay and brought to life through love, only to be transformed by a father’s mistake.
His story is deeply human: about second chances, renewal, and turning pain into purpose.
What if your biggest setback could become your greatest strength? -
Day 26: The Phoenix – Firebird of Rebirth in Ancient Mythology
What if destruction wasn’t the end, but the beginning?
What if you had to burn to ashes… to rise again, stronger?
The Phoenix does just that. Across Egyptian, Greek, and Asian myths, this radiant firebird chooses death to be reborn anew—again and again.
Its flames aren't punishment, but purification.
Could your greatest transformation come through letting go?What if destruction wasn’t the end, but the beginning?
What if you had to burn to ashes… to rise again, stronger?
The Phoenix does just that. Across Egyptian, Greek, and Asian myths, this radiant firebird chooses death to be reborn anew—again and again.
Its flames aren't punishment, but purification.
Could your greatest transformation come through letting go? -
Day 27: The Kraken – Sea Monster of the Deep
What if that island on the horizon isn’t land… but a monster watching you from below?
What ancient fear lives in the deepest part of the sea—where maps once warned, “Here be monsters”?
The Kraken isn’t just a beast—it’s a warning, a myth born from the terror of vanishing ships and the fury of untamable waters.
Could it be that the Kraken still haunts us—not in the ocean, but in our fear of the unknown?What if that island on the horizon isn’t land… but a monster watching you from below?
What ancient fear lives in the deepest part of the sea—where maps once warned, “Here be monsters”?
The Kraken isn’t just a beast—it’s a warning, a myth born from the terror of vanishing ships and the fury of untamable waters.
Could it be that the Kraken still haunts us—not in the ocean, but in our fear of the unknown? -
Day 28: The Loch Ness Monster – Scotland’s Elusive Water Creature
What lurks in the dark, icy waters of Scotland’s most mysterious loch?
Is it a relic from prehistory—or a reflection of our deepest longing to believe in the unknown?
The Loch Ness Monster, affectionately called “Nessie,” isn’t just a myth… it’s a mirror. A symbol of wonder, curiosity, and the human urge to find magic in the everyday.
What if the greatest mystery isn’t what’s in the water—but why we keep looking?What lurks in the dark, icy waters of Scotland’s most mysterious loch?
Is it a relic from prehistory—or a reflection of our deepest longing to believe in the unknown?
The Loch Ness Monster, affectionately called “Nessie,” isn’t just a myth… it’s a mirror. A symbol of wonder, curiosity, and the human urge to find magic in the everyday.
What if the greatest mystery isn’t what’s in the water—but why we keep looking? -
Day 29: The Banshee – Herald of Death
Have you ever heard a cry in the night so sorrowful it pierced through time itself?
In Irish folklore, such a sound isn’t just eerie—it’s prophetic.
Today, we meet the Banshee, a ghostly mourner whose wail is said to announce death’s arrival. But is she something to be feared… or understood?
What if grief itself had a voice—and that voice echoed across generations?Have you ever heard a cry in the night so sorrowful it pierced through time itself?
In Irish folklore, such a sound isn’t just eerie—it’s prophetic.
Today, we meet the Banshee, a ghostly mourner whose wail is said to announce death’s arrival. But is she something to be feared… or understood?
What if grief itself had a voice—and that voice echoed across generations? -
Day 30: The Minotaur – Guardian of the Labyrinth
What if the monster wasn’t just in the maze—but inside ourselves?
Buried deep beneath the palace of Crete, the Minotaur waits: half-man, half-beast, born of a curse, and fed on silence and shame.
Why did a king choose secrecy over redemption? Why did innocent lives have to pay the price?
Today’s myth leads us into the twisting corridors of the human psyche—where fear, desire, and denial form the real prison walls.What if the monster wasn’t just in the maze—but inside ourselves?
Buried deep beneath the palace of Crete, the Minotaur waits: half-man, half-beast, born of a curse, and fed on silence and shame.
Why did a king choose secrecy over redemption? Why did innocent lives have to pay the price?
Today’s myth leads us into the twisting corridors of the human psyche—where fear, desire, and denial form the real prison walls. -
Day 31: The Rusalka – Spirit of Water and Mystery
What happens when heartbreak refuses to die?
In the moonlit waters of Eastern Europe, something stirs—graceful, ghostly, and full of sorrow. The Rusalka, both beautiful and deadly, lures us into a tale where grief becomes power and nature becomes judge.
Is she a victim, a monster, or something in between?
Today’s myth reveals the haunting emotions that linger when justice is never served—and what it means to find peace in the currents of memory.What happens when heartbreak refuses to die?
In the moonlit waters of Eastern Europe, something stirs—graceful, ghostly, and full of sorrow. The Rusalka, both beautiful and deadly, lures us into a tale where grief becomes power and nature becomes judge.
Is she a victim, a monster, or something in between?
Today’s myth reveals the haunting emotions that linger when justice is never served—and what it means to find peace in the currents of memory.
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YOUR EXPERT GUIDE
Vassilina is a cultural anthropologist with a deep fascination for mythology, ritual, and the symbolic patterns that shape human experience. She developed the core of 31 Days of Myths & Legends in close collaboration with Elina, a psychological researcher and dreamwork specialist, and Amanda, an internationally exhibited visual artist and art historian. Together, they shaped a course that merges academic depth, visual imagination, and psychological insight—inviting participants to explore myths not just as ancient tales, but as personal keys to meaning and transformation.